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Home › Mantras › Vishwanath Ashtakam
Rudra (Shiva) Vishwanath Ashtakam: the sage Vyasa with his arm frozen by Nandi as Vishnu touches his throat and four-armed Shiva appears with Gauri above Kashi
Vyasa's raised arm is frozen before the Lord of Kashi, until Vishnu touches his throat and his praise begins
Mantra · Eight verses that tell the mind to worship the Lord of Varanasi

Vishwanath Ashtakam

गङ्गातरंगरमणीयजटाकलापं गौरीनिरन्तरविभूषितवामभागम् । नारायणप्रियमनंगमदापहारं वाराणसीपुरपतिं भज विश्वनाथम् ॥

Also known as Kashi Vishwanathashtakam

In Devanagari, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and English — with the meaning of every word, and the one syllable most people pronounce wrongly.

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What the Vishwanath Ashtakam is

The Vishwanath Ashtakam, printed in full as the Kashi Vishwanathashtakam, is a Sanskrit hymn of eight verses to Shiva as Vishvanatha, 'Lord of the universe', the deity of the Jyotirlinga temple at Varanasi. Its printed closing line credits the sage Vyasa; no older source for the verses is known, and their date is uncertain. Each verse runs in the fourteen-syllable vasantatilaka metre and ends on the same command, varanasipurapatim bhaja vishvanatham, 'worship Vishvanatha, Lord of the city of Varanasi'. The verses build a portrait before they give advice. Verse 1 sets the Ganga in his matted hair and Gauri at his left side; verses 3 and 4 add the serpents, the tiger skin, the third eye, the crescent moon and the burning of Kama. Verse 5 offers three images of rescue, and verse 6 states doctrine, calling him both with and beyond attributes. Verse 8 tells the reciter what to give up first. Two closing verses describe the fruit of reading the hymn.

Vyasa's raised arm in Kashi

The hymn says nothing of how it came to be written, but the name in its closing line ties it to a well-known episode of the Kashi Khanda of the Skanda Purana. According to that tradition, Vyasa, the compiler of the Puranas, had argued with other sages that Vishnu alone was supreme, and came to Kashi with ten thousand disciples to prove it. He bathed at the Panchaganga, worshipped Bindu Madhava, and then, before Vishveshvara himself, raised one arm and proclaimed Vishnu the highest. Nandi froze the raised arm where it stood and took away the sage's speech. Vishnu then appeared and told Vyasa that he was mistaken, since Vishnu's own powers were given by Shiva. At a touch on the throat Vyasa's voice came back, and his first words were in praise of Shiva. The Kashi Khanda records that praise, in its ninety-fifth chapter, as an ashtakam of its own, a different set of verses from the one printed here. Local tradition adds that Vyasa then installed a linga named Vyaseshvara beside the Karnaghanta tank and stayed on in Kashi. Read against that story, the phrase narayanapriyam, 'dear to Narayana', in verse 1 of this hymn sounds like the dispute settled: the two gods are not rivals here, and the hymn honours both at once.

The mantra, in six scripts

DevanagariSanskrit & Hindiगङ्गातरंगरमणीयजटाकलापं गौरीनिरन्तरविभूषितवामभागम् । नारायणप्रियमनंगमदापहारं वाराणसीपुरपतिं भज विश्वनाथम् ॥
Tamilகங்காதரம்கரமணீயஜடாகலாபம் கௌரீநிரந்தரவிபூஷிதவாமபாகம் । நாராயணப்ரியமநம்கமதாபஹாரம் வாராணஸீபுரபதிம் பஜ விஶ்வநாதம் ॥
Teluguగఙ్గాతరంగరమణీయజటాకలాపం గౌరీనిరన్తరవిభూషితవామభాగమ్ । నారాయణప్రియమనంగమదాపహారం వారాణసీపురపతిం భజ విశ్వనాథమ్ ॥
Kannadaಗಙ್ಗಾತರಂಗರಮಣೀಯಜಟಾಕಲಾಪಂ ಗೌರೀನಿರನ್ತರವಿಭೂಷಿತವಾಮಭಾಗಮ್ । ನಾರಾಯಣಪ್ರಿಯಮನಂಗಮದಾಪಹಾರಂ ವಾರಾಣಸೀಪುರಪತಿಂ ಭಜ ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥಮ್ ॥
Malayalamഗങ്ഗാതരംഗരമണീയജടാകലാപം ഗൌരീനിരന്തരവിഭൂഷിതവാമഭാഗമ് । നാരായണപ്രിയമനംഗമദാപഹാരം വാരാണസീപുരപതിം ഭജ വിശ്വനാഥമ് ॥
EnglishRoman transliterationgaṅgātaraṃgaramaṇīyajaṭākalāpaṃ gaurīnirantaravibhūṣitavāmabhāgam | nārāyaṇapriyamanaṃgamadāpahāraṃ vārāṇasīpurapatiṃ bhaja viśvanātham ||
“Worship Vishvanatha, Lord of the city of Varanasi, whose cluster of matted locks is made lovely by the waves of the Ganga, whose left side is ever adorned by Gauri, who is dear to Narayana and who destroyed the pride of Kama, the bodiless god of love.”
गङ्गातरंगरमणीयजटाकलापं
gaṅgātaraṃgaramaṇīyajaṭākalāpaṃ — whose mass of matted locks is lovely with the Ganga's waves
गौरीनिरन्तरविभूषितवामभागम्
gaurīnirantaravibhūṣitavāmabhāgam — whose left side Gauri ever adorns
नारायणप्रियमनंगमदापहारं
nārāyaṇapriyamanaṃgamadāpahāraṃ — dear to Narayana, who took away the pride of bodiless Kama
वाराणसीपुरपतिं
vārāṇasīpurapatiṃ — Lord of the city of Varanasi
भज
bhaja — worship
विश्वनाथम्
viśvanātham — Vishvanatha, Lord of the universe

Vishwanath Ashtakam lyrics in full

Eight verses followed by two verses on the fruit of reciting them. The printed closing line is given at the end.

All 11 verses, in Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and English, each with its meaning. Choose a script:

Download the Vishwanath Ashtakam PDFAll 11 verses with their meanings, in Sanskrit. Free to print and keep.

Verse 1

गङ्गातरंगरमणीयजटाकलापं गौरीनिरन्तरविभूषितवामभागम् ।
नारायणप्रियमनंगमदापहारं वाराणसीपुरपतिं भज विश्वनाथम् ॥

Worship Vishvanatha, Lord of the city of Varanasi, whose cluster of matted locks is made lovely by the waves of the Ganga, whose left side is ever adorned by Gauri, who is dear to Narayana and who destroyed the pride of Kama, the bodiless god of love.

Verse 2

वाचामगोचरमनेकगुणस्वरूपं वागीशविष्णुसुरसेवितपादपीठम् ।
वामेनविग्रहवरेणकलत्रवन्तं वाराणसीपुरपतिं भज विश्वनाथम् ॥

Worship Vishvanatha, Lord of Varanasi, who is beyond the reach of words and whose nature holds countless qualities, whose footstool is served by Brahma the lord of speech, by Vishnu and by the gods, and who has his consort in the beautiful form of his own left half.

Verse 3

भूताधिपं भुजगभूषणभूषितांगं व्याघ्राजिनांबरधरं जटिलं त्रिनेत्रम् ।
पाशांकुशाभयवरप्रदशूलपाणिं वाराणसीपुरपतिं भज विश्वनाथम् ॥

Worship Vishvanatha, Lord of Varanasi, the master of all beings, whose limbs are decked with serpents as ornaments, who wears a tiger skin as his garment, who has matted hair and three eyes, and who holds the noose, the goad and the trident while showing the gestures of fearlessness and boon-giving.

Verse 4

शीतांशुशोभितकिरीटविराजमानं भालेक्षणानलविशोषितपंचबाणम् ।
नागाधिपारचितभासुरकर्णपूरं वाराणसीपुरपतिं भज विश्वनाथम् ॥

Worship Vishvanatha, Lord of Varanasi, who shines with a crown lit by the cool-rayed moon, who burnt up Kama of the five arrows with the fire of the eye on his forehead, and whose glowing ear ornaments are fashioned from the king of serpents.

Verse 5

पंचाननं दुरितमत्तमतङ्गजानां नागान्तकं दनुजपुंगवपन्नगानाम् ।
दावानलं मरणशोकजराटवीनां वाराणसीपुरपतिं भज विश्वनाथम् ॥

Worship Vishvanatha, Lord of Varanasi, who is a lion to the maddened elephants of sin, a Garuda to the serpents that are the mightiest demons, and a forest fire to the jungle of death, grief and old age.

Verse 6

तेजोमयं सगुणनिर्गुणमद्वितीयं आनन्दकन्दमपराजितमप्रमेयम् ।
नागात्मकं सकलनिष्कलमात्मरूपं वाराणसीपुरपतिं भज विश्वनाथम् ॥

Worship Vishvanatha, Lord of Varanasi, who is full of radiance, with attributes and beyond attributes, one without a second, the root of bliss, unconquered and immeasurable, who wears serpents, who is both with parts and partless, and whose form is the Self.

Verse 7

रागादिदोषरहितं स्वजनानुरागं वैराग्यशान्तिनिलयं गिरिजासहायम् ।
माधुर्यधैर्यसुभगं गरलाभिरामं वाराणसीपुरपतिं भज विश्वनाथम् ॥

Worship Vishvanatha, Lord of Varanasi, who is free from passion and every other fault, who loves his own devotees, who is the abode of dispassion and peace, whose companion is Girija (Parvati), who is graceful in sweetness and steadiness, and who is made beautiful by the poison he holds in his throat.

Verse 8

आशां विहाय परिहृत्य परस्य निन्दां पापे रतिं च सुनिवार्य मनः समाधौ ।
आदाय हृत्कमलमध्यगतं परेशं वाराणसीपुरपतिं भज विश्वनाथम् ॥

Giving up desire, leaving off the criticism of others, turning away from delight in sin and settling the mind in deep meditation, take hold of the supreme Lord dwelling in the lotus of the heart and worship Vishvanatha, Lord of Varanasi.

Phala Shruti 1

वाराणसीपुरपतेः स्तवनं शिवस्य व्याख्यातमष्टकमिदं पठते मनुष्यः ।
विद्यां श्रियं विपुलसौख्यमनन्तकीर्तिं सम्प्राप्य देहविलये लभते च मोक्षम् ॥

This eight-verse hymn to Shiva, Lord of the city of Varanasi, has been set out here. The verse says that the person who recites it gains learning, prosperity, great happiness and endless fame, and at the end of the body attains liberation.

Phala Shruti 2

विश्वनाथाष्टकमिदं यः पठेच्छिवसन्निधौ ।
शिवलोकमवाप्नोति शिवेन सह मोदते ॥

The verse says that whoever recites this Vishvanatha Ashtakam in the presence of Shiva reaches the world of Shiva and rejoices together with Shiva.

Closing

॥ इति श्रीमहर्षिव्यासप्रणीतं श्रीविश्वनाथाष्टकं सम्पूर्णम् ॥

Thus ends the Sri Vishvanatha Ashtakam composed by the great sage Vyasa.

The syllable people get wrong

In the refrain's last word, viśvanātham, the th is an aspirated dental t, a t followed by a puff of breath as in 'hot-house', never the English th of 'thank'. The ś is a soft sh and the ā is long, so say vish-va-NAA-t-ham.

When the Vishwanath Ashtakam is chanted

Weekday. Monday

Festival. Maha Shivaratri

Questions

The attribution rests on the printed closing line, iti shri maharshi vyasa pranitam, 'composed by the great sage Vyasa'. Not every printing carries that line, and no Purana is known to contain these eight verses. The Vyasa Ashtakam that the Kashi Khanda of the Skanda Purana places in Vyasa's mouth, in its ninety-fifth chapter, is a separate hymn. This one is best described as traditional, with an attribution given by its copies rather than by an ancient text.
It means 'worship Vishvanatha, the Lord of the city of Varanasi'. Bhaja is a command in the second person, so the hymn speaks to the reciter, or to their own mind, instead of saying 'I praise'. Every verse is a chain of descriptions waiting for that one verb. Verse 8 is the only one that breaks the pattern: it first lists what to do, giving up desire and fault-finding, turning from sin and stilling the mind, before the refrain arrives.
The short closing couplet, vishvanathashtakamidam yah pathecchivasannidhau, uses the same formula that ends the Lingashtakam: whoever reads it in Shiva's presence reaches Shiva's world and rejoices with Shiva. Only the hymn's name changes. Couplets of this kind moved freely between Shiva stotras. Some printings of this hymn even add the Lingashtakam's word punyam, 'sacred', which gives the line one syllable too many for its metre; the standard printed text leaves it out.
Verse 5 gives Shiva three roles drawn from nature. Panchanana, 'five-faced', is a usual Sanskrit name for the lion, and here it faces the maddened elephants of sin. Nagantaka, 'ender of serpents', is Garuda, set against serpents who are the mightiest of the demons. Davanala, the forest fire, burns the jungle of death, grief and old age. Panchanana is also a name of Shiva, who has five faces, so the first image works twice.
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